This lifeform is found east of the Mississippi River in North America. The yellow color will help identify this lifeform.

Ohio Goldenrod (Solidago ohioensis) is found from western New York to Ohio, Ontario, Illinois and Wisconsin. Although this plant is usually less than three feet tall, the lower leaves can be up to one foot long. Although the smooth leaves have minor serrations, they basically have a smooth outline.

Solidago genus (goldenrod) contains about 100 species found primarily in the northern hemisphere.  A few are found in South America.  These are a group of plants that typically bloom in the fall.  A typical goldenrod has numerous yellow flowers placed very close to each other on the flower raceme giving the plant a general appearance of a "golden rod."  Although the roots survive the winter in many species, these species grow from the ground up each year.  In the United States, Canada, and Greenland  there are about 72 or more  species  with about 80 additional named subspecies or forms.  There are only a very few in Eurasia and in South and Central America.  The genus is especially common in the north-eastern quarter of the United States where approximately fifty different forms occur.  Although the specialist might prefer to work with tiny details in the flowers,  many of the species can be identified by the highly unique leaf shapes exhibited by those species.

Asters (Genus Aster) are a large group of wild-flowers that usually bloom in the fall. Although some are easy to identify, many are somewhat difficult to separate and identify correctly.  The 1913 edition of Brown and Britton discusses seventy-five different species found in the eastern United States.  
                  
Goldenrods (Solidago) are a large complex of many species of plants within this genus and are often very difficult to accurately identify. The l913 edition of Brown and Britton lists forty-nine species occurring in the eastern United States. Their bright yellow wand-like flower racemes are a familiar fall sight.  

Roger Tory Peterson's Field Guide of Eastern United States Flowers separates the species based on leaf shape and the categorization of the shape of the flower racemes into plume-like, elm branched, club-like, wand-like, and flat topped. This is an excellent reference book for tentative identification of the twenty-nine species that are discussed.

Composite or Daisy or Aster Family (Compositae or Asteraceae) is a huge family of perhaps over 20,000 species. Sometimes the Chicory portion of this family is treated as a separate family.  Here the Chicory group is treated as the most advanced tribe in the Composite Family. (The tribes are as suggested by Lawrence in his book, Taxonomy of Vascular Plants.)  

Many species of this family are characterized by large flower heads composed of many very small flowers and leaves that appear as petals (bracts). These cause the large flower heads to appear as a single large flower. The center of the "flower" of a common sunflower contains a multitude of tiny flowers.  

To facilitate study of this large and complicated family, the Composites are usually broken down into different tribes:

        1    Vernoninae
        2    Eupatorieae
        3    Astereae          Asters and Goldenrods, etc.
        4    Inuleae
        5    Heliantheae       Sunflowers, etc.
        6    Helenieae
        7    Anthemideae
        8    Senecioneae
       11    Cynareae           Thistles
       13    Cichoriacea        Dandelions

There are over 20,000 species arranged in about 1,300 genera in this family.

As of 1994, there were about 2,700 species in almost 400 genera either native to or established in greater North America, including Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Hawaii, and Greenland.

Campanulate is a large order usually divided into six different  families. The largest of these is the Aster (Composite) Family.

Dicots (Dicotyledoneae Class) are the predominant group of vascular plants on earth. With the exception of the grasses (Monocots) and the Conifers (Gymnosperms), most of the larger plants that one encounters are  Dicots. Dicots are characterized by having a seed with two outer shell coverings. Some of the more primitive Dicots are the typical hardwood trees (oaks, birches, hickories, etc). The more advanced Dicots include many of the Composite Family flowers like the  Dandelion, Aster, Thistles, and Sunflowers. Although many Monocots reach a very high degree of specialization, most botanists feel that the Dicots represent the most advanced group of plants.

Seed plants (Phylum Embryophyta) are generally grouped into one large phylum containing three major classes: the Gymnosperms, the Monocots, and the Dicots. (Some scientists separate the Gymnosperms into a separate phylum and refer to the remaining plants as flowering plants or Angiospermae.)

For North American counts of the number of species in each genus and family, the primary reference has been John T. Kartesz, author of A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (1994). The geographical scope of his lists include, as part of greater North America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Kartesz lists 21,757 species of vascular plants comprising the ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants as being found in greater North America (including Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).

There are estimates within the scientific world that about half of the listed North American seed plants were originally native with the balance being comprised of Eurasian and tropical plants that have become established.

Plant kingdom contains a large variety of different organisms including mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Most plants manufacture their energy from sunlight and water. Identification of many species is difficult in that most individual plants have characteristics that have variables based on soil moisture, soil chemistry, and sunlight.

Because of the difficulty in learning and identifying different plant groups, specialists have emerged that study only a limited group of plants. These specialists revise the taxonomy and give us detailed descriptions and ranges of the various species.  Their results are published in technical journals and written with highly specialized words that apply to a specific group.

On the other hand, there are the nature publishers. These people and companies undertake the challenging task of trying to provide easy to use pictures and descriptions to identify those species.