Species Hierarchy
Kingdom PLANT (PLANTAE)
Phylum SEED PLANTS (EMBRYOPHYTA)
Class MONOCOT (MONOCOTYLEDONEAE)
Order LILIES + ALLIES (LILIIFLORA)
Family LILY (LILIACEA)
SubFamily LILIES OF NORTH AMERICA (LILIACEA - NEARCTIC)
Common name: SOLOMON'S SEAL - FALSE
Scentific name: SMILACINA RACEMOSA

FRUITS AND LEAVES
Location: MCHENRY COUNTY, AUG 04, 2004

Species Info:

This lifeform is widespread in North America. The white color will help identify this lifeform. This lifeform is common in suitable environments.

Vagnera racemosa to Smilacina racemosa to Maianthemum racemosum (False Solomon's seal) is found from Nova Scotia west to British Columbia and south to Georgia, Missouri, and Arizona. This species has a rather thick fleshy stem-rootstock and an erect stem. The panicle has numerous flowers.

Smilacina genus (false Solomon's seal) is native to North America, Central America and Asia.  There are about 25 species of perennial herbs in this genus. These plants have a simple stem with multiple, usually alternate, leaves.  These leaves are sessile or near sessile and are oblong or lanceolate.  The small flowers are white or greenish white in a raceme or panicle.  This genus and the Maianthemum genus are closely related, and Kartesz has moved the North American Smilacina species to the Maianthemum genus.  There were three North American species (racemosum, stellatum, and trifolium) involved in this move. (In older works, this genus was called the Vagnera genus.)

Native Lilies of North America are in this group. Some introduced agricultural plants and some lilies have been excluded even though they may be widely established.

Lilies (Family Liliaceae) are usually characterized by having flowers with three (or six) petals that have radial symmetry. There are over 4,600 species divided into over 600 genera in this widespread family. North America has about 520 species in almost 90 different genera. (The North American numbers are based on the inclusion of the Amaryllis group with the lily family.)

Here this family has arbitrarily been divided into several subgroups. These groups are the wild lilies of different geographical areas: the Aloe group, and lilies cultivated as ornamentals, or vegetables. The placement of several of the well-known species in both the wild and in the garden has been arbitrary.

Lily Order (Order Liliiflorae) contains several families many of which are noted for their beautiful flowers. In addition to the rushes, this order contains the well-known lily family. Although some authors combine them with the lilies, here the Amaryllis, Iris, and Agave groups are presented in separate families.

Monocots are a large group of plants usually characterized by having leaves with parallel veins and a seed with a single shell. Most flowers are created with multiples of three. In  the older botany texts, the Monocots were considered more primitive than the Dicots. However, many recent authors have placed the Monocots as an offshoot of the primitive Dicots. Here they are placed before the Dicots.

Seed plants (Phylum Embryophyta) are generally grouped into one large phylum containing three major classes: the Gymnosperms, the Monocots, and the Dicots. (Some scientists separate the Gymnosperms into a separate phylum and refer to the remaining plants as flowering plants or Angiospermae.)

For North American counts of the number of species in each genus and family, the primary reference has been John T. Kartesz, author of A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (1994). The geographical scope of his lists include, as part of greater North America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Kartesz lists 21,757 species of vascular plants comprising the ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants as being found in greater North America (including Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).

There are estimates within the scientific world that about half of the listed North American seed plants were originally native with the balance being comprised of Eurasian and tropical plants that have become established.

Plant kingdom contains a large variety of different organisms including mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Most plants manufacture their energy from sunlight and water. Identification of many species is difficult in that most individual plants have characteristics that have variables based on soil moisture, soil chemistry, and sunlight.

Because of the difficulty in learning and identifying different plant groups, specialists have emerged that study only a limited group of plants. These specialists revise the taxonomy and give us detailed descriptions and ranges of the various species.  Their results are published in technical journals and written with highly specialized words that apply to a specific group.

On the other hand, there are the nature publishers. These people and companies undertake the challenging task of trying to provide easy to use pictures and descriptions to identify those species.

 

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Photos
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FRUITS AND LEAVES

TOP OF PLANT IN FRUIT

FLOWER PANICLE

FRUITS

TOP OF PLANT IN FRUIT

FLOWERS

FLOWERS WITH SLUG

FLOWERS AND LEAVES

HABITAT

FLOWERS

HABITAT

TOP OF PLANT

FLOWERS AND LEAVES - MOUNTED

 


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SMILACINA STELLATA
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