This lifeform is found north of the Mason Dixon line in North America.

Trailing Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) is found from Maine to Alaska, and occasionally south into the United States. This species also occurs in northern Illinois along the shores of Lake Michigan. The Trailing Juniper grows very close to the ground forming a unique ground cover.

Junipers (genus Juniperus) are a group of 45 to 70 Gymnosperms native to the Northern Hemisphere.  Thirteen of these are now growing in North America.  The fruits (cones) are generally small  (less than 1/4 inch in diameter), blue or brown  berries. The short and overlapping leaves  are either glandular or scale-like and lay  along the branch.  Although Kartesz does not show several of the very popular  Eurasian ornamentals as established in North America,  one might suspect that Juniperus chinensis, Juniperus procumbens,  Juniperus sabina, and Juniperus squamata might be found sparingly established.

Juniper (Cupressaceae family) group contains about 120-140 species worldwide with about 14-17 different genera. Included herein are the Juniperus and Cupressus genera. Some authors include the Taxodiaceae (Taxodium and Sequoia) genera here. Here they are placed in the Taxodiaceae family.

Conifers (Order Coniferae) is an important group of trees and bushes found throughout the world. Although very common in the forests everywhere, this group of plants has only about 520 species. They are characterized by having needles. Pine trees and spruce trees are typical examples of conifers.

Gymnosperms are a group of trees and bushes usually characterized by needles and the production of cones to support the seeds. Most species are evergreen. (The actual technical definition has to do with the method of producing the seed.)

There are over 600 species of Gymnosperms known to science. The largest genus in this group in terms of species is the Pine genus with about 120 species. The second most common genus is the Podocarpus genus which is normally a more tropical group than the Pines.

Kartesz lists 135 species as growing in greater North America, including Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Seed plants (Phylum Embryophyta) are generally grouped into one large phylum containing three major classes: the Gymnosperms, the Monocots, and the Dicots. (Some scientists separate the Gymnosperms into a separate phylum and refer to the remaining plants as flowering plants or Angiospermae.)

For North American counts of the number of species in each genus and family, the primary reference has been John T. Kartesz, author of A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland (1994). The geographical scope of his lists include, as part of greater North America, Hawaii, Alaska, Greenland, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

Kartesz lists 21,757 species of vascular plants comprising the ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants as being found in greater North America (including Alaska, Hawaii, Greenland, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands).

There are estimates within the scientific world that about half of the listed North American seed plants were originally native with the balance being comprised of Eurasian and tropical plants that have become established.

Plant kingdom contains a large variety of different organisms including mosses, ferns, and seed plants. Most plants manufacture their energy from sunlight and water. Identification of many species is difficult in that most individual plants have characteristics that have variables based on soil moisture, soil chemistry, and sunlight.

Because of the difficulty in learning and identifying different plant groups, specialists have emerged that study only a limited group of plants. These specialists revise the taxonomy and give us detailed descriptions and ranges of the various species.  Their results are published in technical journals and written with highly specialized words that apply to a specific group.

On the other hand, there are the nature publishers. These people and companies undertake the challenging task of trying to provide easy to use pictures and descriptions to identify those species.