This lifeform is found in northern Eurasia. This lifeform is found north of the Mason Dixon line in North America. This lifeform is widespread, but not common.

Alaskan brown bear (Ursus arctos) is in a state of taxonomic confusion. The European brown bear, the American grizzly bear, the Alaskan brown bear, and several other bears found in the Northern Hemisphere are considered separate species by some experts. Other experts consider them subspecies of the same animal. At any rate, they are all large animals, and can be considered dangerous to man. Large examples can weigh over 1,700 pounds. Although they are very rare in the United States (being found primarily in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks), they are still common in parts of Alaska, northern Canada, and in the Northern Eurasia.

The following table might help understanding some of the different forms in this group:

     Common Name                    Scientific Name

     North American Grizzly         Ursus horribilis
     European Brown Bear            Ursus arctos
     Kodiak Bear                    Ursus middendorfi

Bear group (Family Ursidae) is found primarily in the Northern  Hemisphere. (The Spectacled Bear is found from in Venezuela to Bolivia in the Andes. There are several species found in tropical Malaysia.) There are eight species in this family.

Following is a partial list of some species:

   SPECIES                      LOCATION

   Helarctos malayananus        Burma, Sumatra, Borneo
   (Malayan Sun Bear)
   Melursus ursinus             India, Sri Lanka
   (Sloth Bear)
   Selenarctos thibetanus       China, Japan, Korea
   (Asian Black Bear)
   Thalarctos maritimus         Arctic Regions
   (Polar Bear)
   Tremarctos ornatus           Andes (Venezuela to Bolivia)
   (Ucumari-Spectacled)
   Ursus americanus             Central Mexico to Alaska
   (American Black Bear)
   Ursus arctos arctos          Europe
   (European Brown Bear)
   Ursus arctos horribilis      North America
   (Grizzly Bear)
   Ursus arctos middendorfi     Kodiak Island
   (Big Brown Bear)
   Ursus spelaeus               Extinct
   (Europe Cave Bear)

Carnivores (Order Carnivora) are found naturally worldwide, except for Australia which has an introduced wild dog. Carnivores are characterized by their habits of feeding on other animals. They usually can run quickly and capture their food with the help of their claws and jaws. Typical carnivores are dogs, cats, and bears.

Mammals (Class Mammalia), together with the birds, are among the youngest of the classes of animals. In species count, mammals number about fifty-one hundred, trailing reptiles (approximately fifty-five hundred), fish (approximately eighteen thousand), and birds (approximately eighty-six hundred).

There are three sub-types of mammals:

   monotremes, the most primitive:
      Develop in reptilian-like eggs and suckle milk emerging
      (i.e., spiny anteater, duckbilled platypus)

   marsupials
      Newborn emerges very underdeveloped and continue to
      mature in a pouch on its mother's abdomen (i.e., opossums,
      koala, kangaroo)

   placental  
      Embryo develops within the uterus of the female and is
      dependent on a placenta for nutrition and waste removal
      (i.e., humans, lions, monkeys)  

About sixty-five million years ago, the Tertiary era produced thirty-five orders of mammals. Of this number, eighteen have survived to represent Earth's most diversified as well as its most highly developed classification of animals.

Extinction of mammals is fast becoming a serious issue. Duff and Lawson present a list of forty-one extinct species that reached extinction prior to 1800. These forty-one species are not acknowledged in the counts of the various families. Duff and Lawson also present a list of forty-six species including three gazelles, one zebra, one seal, one deer, and one wolf that have probably gone extinct since 1800. These forty-six species are included in the family counts. Science is adding about forty to fifty new species a year to the list. Many of these are the result of divisions of prior species; some are recent discoveries.

Mammals owe their survival to adaptive capabilities that include the ability to exploit whatever sources of food are available to them, as well as their ability to adjust to various climes. Food specialization influenced evolution to such a great extent that the teeth structure can and has been used to provide extensive information on the food needs and various lifestyles of extinct species.

Despite the vast diversity among mammals in terms of size, habitats and adaptations, they share without exception many characteristics such as:  

    a. body hair
    b. mammary glands
    c. certain skull characteristics
    d. four limbs that permit speed
    e. parallel not perpendicular limbs
    f. compartmentalized internal organs
    g. a four-chambered heart and pulmonary circulation

Backboned Animals (Phylum Chordata) are the most advanced group of animals on earth. These animals are characterized by having a spinal cord or backbone. Most members have a clearly defined brain that controls the organism through a spinal cord. Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are in this phylum.

Currently, some taxonomists believe that the fish should be divided into two groups (sharks and regular fishes) and that there are some other primitive groups in the phylum such as hagfish or lampreys.

Animal Kingdom contains numerous organisms that feed on other animals or plants. Included in the animal kingdom are the lower marine invertebrates such as sponges and corals, the jointed legged animals such as insects and spiders, and the backboned animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.